Shear Stress and Atherosclerosis
نویسندگان
چکیده
Hemodynamic shear stress, the frictional force acting on vascular endothelial cells, is crucial for endothelial homeostasis under normal physiological conditions. When discussing blood flow effects on various forms of endothelial (dys)function, one considers two flow patterns: steady laminar flow and disturbed flow because endothelial cells respond differently to these flow types both in vivo and in vitro. Laminar flow which exerts steady laminar shear stress is atheroprotective while disturbed flow creates an atheroprone environment. Emerging evidence has provided new insights into the cellular mechanisms of flow-dependent regulation of vascular function that leads to cardiovascular events such as atherosclerosis, atherothrombosis, and myocardial infarction. In order to study effects of shear stress and different types of flow, various models have been used. In this review, we will summarize our current views on how disturbed flow-mediated signaling pathways are involved in the development of atherosclerosis.
منابع مشابه
The effect of turbulence model on predicting the development and progression of coronary artery atherosclerosis
A severe case of stenosis in coronary arteries results in turbulence in the blood flow which may lead to the formation or progression of atherosclerosis. This study investigated the turbulent blood flow in a coronary artery with rigid walls, as well as 80% single and double stenoses on blood flow. A finite element-based software package, ADINA 8.8, was employed to model the blood flow. The hemo...
متن کاملStatistical analysis of the association between rheological properties of blood and atherosclerosis
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of non-Newtonian blood rheology models on the wall shear stress (WSS) distribution in a cohort of patients-specific coronary arteries. Twenty patients with diseased left anterior descending (LAD) coronary arteries (with varying degrees of stenosis severity from mild to severe) who underwent angiography and in-vivo pressure measurements were se...
متن کاملWall shear stress is associated with intima-media thickness and carotid atherosclerosis in subjects at low coronary heart disease risk.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Systemic and local coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors participate in atherogenesis. The role of wall shear stress, a major local risk factor, remains to be elucidated. METHODS Two hundred thirty-four subjects were carefully characterized for the presence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and cigarette smoking and were divided into low- ...
متن کاملHemodynamic shear stress and its role in atherosclerosis.
Atherosclerosis, the leading cause of death in the developed world and nearly the leading cause in the developing world, is associated with systemic risk factors including hypertension, smoking, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus, among others. Nonetheless, atherosclerosis remains a geometrically focal disease, preferentially affecting the outer edges of vessel bifurcations. In these predisp...
متن کاملFluid wall shear stress measurements in a model of the human abdominal aorta: oscillatory behavior and relationship to atherosclerosis.
Clinically significant atherosclerosis in the human aorta is most common in the infrarenal segment. This study was initiated to test the hypothesis that flowfield properties are closely related to the localization of plaques in this segment of the arterial system. Wall shear stress was calculated from magnetic resonance velocity measurements of pulsatile flow in an anatomically accurate model o...
متن کامل